Self and person (ātman · jīva)

• Ātma-bandhu

  The Bhagavad Gita, emphasizes that we are our biggest enemy as well as the best capable to uplift our mind, hence underscoring the potential for growth in oneself through an individualistic journey guided by the right mentor or guru (Tomar, 2024).

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• Ātman

  आत्मा

  Soul or Self

  Atman (Samskrit: आत्मा) is one of the primary teachings of the Upanishads along with Brahman, Maya, and Karma.

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• Jagat

  जगत

  Cosmos

  The Cosmos is dynamic in nature. Hindu scriptures call it जगत || jagat where गत || gat indicates the ever changing – सदैव गच्छति || sadaiv gachati (ever changing) nature of cosmos.

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• Jīva

  जीवः

  living being

  Jiva (Samskrit: जीवः), literally means a living being, in Indian philosophical thought it is a technical term closest to what is called “person” in contemporary psychology.

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Also in this topic

• Kartā

  doer

  The Bhagavad Gita describes ‘karta’ or doer as one of the five factors of action and a person is called a ‘karta’ when he or she is the agent of activity influenced by the gunas namely sattva, rajas and tamas (Bhagavad Gita 18.13-18).

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• Sthitaprajña

  स्थितप्रज्ञ

  person of steady wisdom

  As mentioned in Bhagavad Gita, Sthitaprajna means a state of stable intellect, mind, living devoid of desires, stable mental resilience in spite of any physical suffering or unfavourable situations, unaffected by others opinions, devoid of attachments and maintains equilibrium (Tomar, 2024).

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